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理论争鸣

哈佛社会学家:新冠疫情之下,不平等的鸿沟将加剧!

发布时间:2020-03-28 来源: 雅理读书作者: 雅理君

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随着新冠疫情在全球范围内的爆发及其带来的短期内并不乐观的前景,疫情到底会给当下世界带来怎样的影响成为人们共同聚焦的话题。美国《政治杂志》(Politico Magazine)特邀请34位各领域专家,谈谈他们眼中疫情对美国乃至对全球的影响和改变。
 
本文截取著名社会学家斯考切波的观点,分析了在贫富差距加剧的当下,疫情又是如何进一步深化了这一差距。
 
 
西达・斯考切波(Theda Skocpol),哈佛大学政府与社会学教授,当下最有影响力的社会学家之一。代表作有《国家与社会革命》等。
 
就美国的不平等问题而言,讨论焦点通常集中在99%的底层与1%的顶层之间日益拉大的差距。但还有另一个日渐凸显的差距,那就是财富排名前五分之一的人口与其他所有人之间的差距——这次疫情将进一步加剧这一差距。
 
近几十年来,美国最富有的五分之一人口的收入增幅高于其他人。他们通常是受过高等教育的已婚人士。作为拥有高收入的专业人士或管理层,他们住在拥有良好网络设备、能够远程办公的房子里,他们的孩子有独立的卧室,不会对居家办公造成干扰。此次疫情中,他们中的大多数仍能获得稳定的收入,同时还有必需品送到他们的门前。
 
剩下80%的美国人缺乏这种财务承受能力。有些人会没事的,但很多人都会挣扎在失业和家庭负担的泥淖中。他们更可能是单亲父母或单收入家庭。他们不大可能居家办公,更可能受雇于服务业或快递业,而这些行业又增加了他们接触新冠病毒的风险。很多情况下,他们的孩子无法在家接受教育,因为父母没有能力教他们,或是他们居住的房子缺少远程教学所需的高速网络。
 
 
 
《我们的孩子》
[美] 罗伯特·帕特南 著    田雷、宋昕译
中国政法大学出版社
 
原文如下:
 
Discussions of inequality in America often focus on the growing gap between the bottom 99 percent and the top 1 percent. But the other gap that has grown is between the top fifth and all the rest—and that gap will be exacerbated by this crisis.
 
The wealthiest fifth of Americans have made greater income gains than those below them in the income hierarchy in recent decades. They are more often members of married, highly educated couples. As high-salary professionals or managers, they live in Internet-ready homes that will accommodate telecommuting—and where children have their own bedrooms and aren’t as disruptive to a work-from-home schedule. In this crisis, most will earn steady incomes while having necessities delivered to their front doors.
 
The other 80 percent of Americans lack that financial cushion. Some will be OK, but many will struggle with job losses and family burdens. They are more likely to be single parents or single-income households. They’re less able to work from home, and more likely employed in the service or delivery sectors, in jobs that put them at greater danger of coming into contact with the coronavirus. In many cases, their children will not gain educationally at home, because parents will not be able to teach them, or their households might lack access to the high-speed Internet that enables remote instruction.
 
 
 
 

(责任编辑:黄明娥)


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